When Vim is compiled with Python support, you can script Vim with Python using the :python command. How would I go about using this to execute the command and insert the result under the cursor? For example, if I were to execute :python import os; os.listdir('aDirectory')[0], I would want the first filename returned to be inserted under the cursor.
EDIT: To clarify, I want the same effect as going to the terminal, executing the command, copying the result and executing "+p.
The following works fine for me: write the python code you want to execute in the line you want.
import os
print(os.listdir('.'))
after that visually select the lines you want to execute in python
:'<,'>!python
and after that the python code will replaced by the python output.